The Woman Responsible for Thanksgiving as a National Holiday
The following originally appeared in the November 1994 issue of The Brethren Evangelist and was written by then-editor Richard C. Winfield
NEARLY EVERY AMERICAN knows that our annual observance of Thanksgiving Day looks back to the harvest festival held in Plymouth Colony in 1621. But many people may not realize that Thanksgiving Day has not always been a national holiday in the United States.
Our nation’s first President, George Washington, proclaimed in 1789 that a day of thanksgiving should be observed that year by the 13 states that then constituted the nation. But it wasn't until 1863 and the presidency of Abraham Lincoln that Thanksgiving Day became an annual observance. And this came about only because of the tireless efforts of a person little-known to us today, a woman named Sarah J. Hale.
Who was Sarah J. Hale?
Sarah Josepha Buell was born in 1788 in Newport, New Hampshire. In 1813 she married David Hale, a lawyer. He encouraged her to write for local newspapers. How she managed to do this while having five children over the next nine years is anybody's guess. At any rate, when her husband died in 1822, Mrs. Hale had experienced enough success as a writer to enter into a full-scale literary career. In 1827 her first novel was published and was well-received.
The following year, Rev. John L. Blake began a monthly woman's magazine in Boston and offered Hale the editorship. She accepted, moved to Boston, and edited
Ladies’ Magazine
there until 1837. The magazine featured fiction, poetry, essays, and criticism, and attempted to define and celebrate the wholesome and tasteful in American life. Mrs. Hale wrote most of the material for each issue.
In 1837, Louis A. Godey bought out the magazine and changed the name to
Godey’s Lady’s Book.
He retained Mrs. Hale as editor, and she moved to Philadelphia, where for the next 40 years she headed a magazine that prided itself on being " a beacon light of refined taste, pure morals, and practical wisdom."
A Thanksgiving campaign
Mrs. Hale began her campaign for an annual, national Thanksgiving holiday in
Godey's Lady's Book in 1846-a campaign that was to last 17 years and more. But her first public statements on this subject came long before that date. As early as 1827 she wrote, "Thanksgiving like the Fourth of July should be considered a national festival and observed by all our people..."
Mrs. Hale saw a Thanksgiving holiday not only as a day for giving thanks for God's goodness and His blessings, but also as a unifying bond for our nation. In this regard, we need to remember that she waged much of her campaign for a national Thanksgiving holiday during the years leading up to the division of the Union and the Civil War.
Mrs. Hale's efforts to establish a Thanksgiving holiday were not limited to her editorials in
Lady's Book. She wrote letters to all the Presidents from 1850 to 1863 urging them to proclaim a national observance of Thanksgiving. She wrote to other influential people in government as well. And since there was no national observance of Thanksgiving Day, she also wrote to governors of states urging them to proclaim a state Thanksgiving holiday. Over the years she wrote literally thousands of letters - all by hand.
By 1852, she was able to announce in
Lady’s Book
that all but two of the then 31 states had united in a common observance of a Thanksgiving Day. But she continued her campaign for a nationally-declared holiday. In 1861, the first year of the Civil War, she begged for a Thanksgiving Day of Peace, pleading that “we lay aside our enmities and strifes… on this one day." Her pleading failed.
But two years later, in 1863, in the midst of the Civil War, her goal was achieved. On October 3, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued what was the first National Thanksgiving Proclamation since the days of George Washington. All Mrs. Hale's efforts, her editorials, and her letters had finally borne fruit.
For the next several years, she continued to urge President Lincoln and his successor to proclaim the fourth Thursday in November as a national Thanksgiving Day, for at that time each year's observance of the holiday was by annual proclamation of the President. Thanksgiving continued to be observed every year from 1863 on, but it wasn't until 1941 that a joint resolution of Congress legally established the fourth Thursday in November as a national Thanksgiving holiday.
Some observations
Mrs. Hale's example reminds us what one person can accomplish by persistent and dedicated effort. But her example also reminds us that great achievements often don't come easily or quickly. It was 36 years from her first public statement appealing for a national Thanksgiving observance until Abraham Lincoln proclaimed the holiday in 1863. And during those years she wrote dozens of editorials and thousands of letters campaigning for this holiday.
We do well to remember this when we seek to bring about changes in government (for example, in laws concerning abortion, pornography, prayer in schools, a balanced-budget, etc.). In this day when we expect instant results, we need to take a longer view. And one or two letters to our congressmen may not be enough to get the job done.
One additional thought: Mrs. Hale labored long and hard to make sure that our nation would set apart one day each year on which we, as a nation, would express our gratitude to God for His goodness and His abundant blessings upon us. Therefore, let’s make sure we use the day for that purpose. Let’s put some
thanks
into our Thanksgiving. And while we're at it, we might even want to express a word of gratitude as well for the dedication and persistence of Sarah J. Hale.
